Come to Portugal on the last day of April, and you will see branches of Spanish Broom (also known as Giesta, or Cytisus scoparius) tied to doors, windows, and sometimes even to cars.
Such a decorative trick, rooted in pagan traditions and later fused with Christianity, is believed to protect homes from evil spirits and bad luck. The strong fragrance of giesta is thought to ward off the "evil eye," and the branches are placed as a symbol of abundance and protection.
Historically, giesta traditions are tied to ancient pagan rites celebrating renewal and fertility, especially around May 1st. In some regions, such as Trás-os-Montes and Beira, giesta (locally called "maias") is associated with the consumption of chestnuts. According to an old proverb, those who fail to eat chestnuts on May 1st risk being bitten by a donkey if they pass one on the road.
This rural tradition reflects the deep-rooted connection between the plant, agriculture, and superstitions that promote well-being and prosperity. There are various theories about the origins of these traditions. One links giesta to the Roman goddess Maia, symbolizing fertility, spring, and the vital energy of nature.
In some areas, like Alto Minho, locals associate giesta with biblical traditions, such as the story of Herod placing giesta at the door of the baby Jesus.
Photo by Mervenon Guncesi
Botanically, giesta is a hardy shrub native to the Iberian Peninsula. The plant thrives in poor soils, and its resilience mirrors its cultural symbolism of strength and renewal.
Giesta also had practical uses in rural Portugal. The strong, flexible stems were historically woven into baskets, fences, and even brooms.
Next morning, on the May 1st, you will wake up to the National holiday known as "Dia das Maias," a significant celebration across Portugal, marking the transition to summer, symbolizing life, light, and fertility.
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